PSYCHOLOGY AS PART OF PHILOSOPHY END OF THE Hellenistic

Approach of natural science propagated by his disciple Aristotle, Alexander the Great through military expansion to the east. At the same time also get a view from the East to the Western world, especially Persia, India, and Egypt. With the fall of Alexander the Great, was the stronger influence of the east, marked by the strengthening of spiritual sight to replace naturalism.THE ROMANA. Social context:
 Government-wide Roman empire with the orderly administration of strong population and guarantees of social peace.
 The idea of ​​man and nature become more pragmatic, specific and specialized. The Romans were more interested in the technical sciences and applied, all geared to reinforce the dominance of the Roman Empire.
 The ideas and thoughts about humans flourish, even the divine ideas2. Influence the development of human thought:
 developing a philosophy that has a more limited context and specific, and it appears in the form of tangible, such as religious rituals of Roman society.
 The focus of the talk:
 active-passive dichotomy, whether the soul (which describes the man) is an active and independent element on the environment or elements of a passive and can only react.
 dichotomy of passion - reason
 Human life is seen as being driven by efforts to find ways to 'master' of physical desire through denial of the material world and seek the truth in nature and God (Neoplatonism)
 The effect on thinking about. moral values. Thought in Roman times to make way for the growth of Christendom.
 INFLUENCE OF CHRISTIANITYA.
Social context:
 the spread of Christianity with the figure of Jesus as the embodiment of "the perfect man" and their behavior must be exemplary.
 understand the Trinity which presupposes x = 3x
 the church and the clerical role in society
 the role of the church became dominant in the development of the intellectual in society, many scholars clerical background.


 gradually, the church became the deciding value in society and is entitled to censor the writings or ideas that arise. The church also is the organizer of moral education. The role of the church felt less satisfied and can not meet the needs of society, the emerging European universities that offer the freedom to think more broadly. Disagreement between the church and society.2. Influence on the views of people:
 Human beings are not only physical but also spiritual entity. Spiritual aspects are not governed by the laws of nature. The human psyche (soul) does not exist in the real world (intangible), can not be proved by the eye, and its existence can only be proven through trust (faith).
 Putting the idea of ​​Plato in the context of Christianity
 Attempts to explain the relationship between body and soul as a dualism, not shh to object, body and soul each has its own function.
 SOME PEOPLESt. Augustine


 The first philosopher in the Christian era.
 God who created man is the truth, the earth and heaven. The human soul is the image of God.
 The importance of human exploration of spirituality in an effort to become closer to God. Material factors are not important, rationalitas also not very reliable. So his views are completely opposite of the view of natural science is empirical and objective. Only through human transcendence can be as close to God and thus as close to the truth.
 Contributions to psychology: introspective method. The main technique for human transcendence.In modern psychology the technique used by several large streams such as structuralism (the main technique to explore the human psyche), gestalt, and psychoanalysis.Thomas Aquinas
 Transforming views of Aristotle into the Christian concepts. What is known as a reason by Aristotle translated as soul by Aquinas. Then the soul is something that is vital for humans, its primary purpose is to understand the world, things can not be done by mere human physical.
 However, a lot of soul act that requires the human physical body as a force that can make it happen.
Contribution to science / modern psychology:
 Changing the absolute discretion of the Aristotelian 'natural science
 Development of dualismThroughout this period, the debate about human life shifted from a broad topic, the relationship between humans and their environment / nature, towards an understanding of life, more specifically, the relationship between aspects within man himself. Shows the deepening of attention and concern about the beginning of man himself. Nevertheless, the strong influence of the church led to the idea of ​​man is not free, and still uphold the divine authority as supreme authority.