A. The main principle
- Understand the human being as a totality. Therefore strongly disagree with efforts to reduce human beings, either into the formula SR narrow and rigid (behaviorism) or into the mechanistic physiological processes. Humans have evolved further than just meeting physical needs, people must be able to develop non-physical things, such as values or attitudes.
- The method used is a life-history, trying to understand people from history so that it appears the uniqueness of individual lives.
- Recognizes the importance of personal freedom and responsibility in decision-making process that lasts a lifetime. The purpose of human life is evolving, trying to fulfill their potential and achieve self actuality. In this case the intention and existence becomes important. Intentions that determine human existence
- Mind is active, dynamic. Through the mind, the human ability to express their uniqueness as an individual, manifested in aspects of cognition, willing, and judgment. Uniquely human ability that is appreciated is creativity. Through their creativity, express themselves and human potential.
- Humanistic views are widely applied in the field of psychotherapy and counseling. The goal is to increase self-understanding.
B. Figure
1. Carl Rogers (1902 – 1988)
- orn in Illinois and has since received little rigorous cultivation of hard work and the Protestant religion. Later both of these color theories. After studying theology, he entered Columbia Teacher's College in Union, where many of the teaching of psychology. At Columbia Union he earned his Ph.D.
- Rogers worked as a psychotherapist and from this he developed a theory of his profession humanistiknya. In the context of therapy, he discovered and developed a therapeutic technique known as Client-centered Therapy. Compared to the existing therapy techniques, this technique is the renewal due to assume the position of the parallel between the therapist and the patient (in this context the patient called a client). Therapist-client relationship tinged warmth, trust, and the client is assigned to be treated as adults who can make their own decisions and take responsibility for his decision. Therapist's task is to help clients identify the problem, so akhrinya dirisnya alone can find solutions for themselves.
- The overall external and internal psychological experience of individuals forming organisms. Organisms is the fact that the individual lived, and called a subjective reality, unique from one individual to another. Self (self-) evolved from organisms. The more coherent organism and the self, the personal health and vice versa.
- As experts generally humanistic, Rogers based his theory on the concept of personality dynamics of self-actualization. Self-actualization is the power that encourages personal development and potential of individuals, the innate nature and has become a hallmark of all mankind. Self-actualization that encourages men to the optimal development and produce a uniquely human traits such as creativity, innovation, and others.
2. Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)
Maslow's theory is known as motivation. This theory assumes that human psychological development is driven by a hierarchy of needs, namely physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging needs, esteen needs, and self-actualization.
C. Evaluation of Humanistic
- Humanistic streams contribute in a positive direction and optimism for the development of human potential, referred to as the return on the nature of psychology as a science of human
- Criticism is directed mainly on the perspectives and methods are subjective, and not reliable.
Contrary to estimates by experts to the contrary, the flow of humanistic survive and even a growing number of followers. Humanistic religion can even be regarded as an expert for a while.
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